As Thai Prime Minister General Prayut Chan-Ocha visits Myanmar to revive the stalled Dawei Special Economic Zone (SEZ), the governments of Thailand and Myanmar should cooperate to establish a legal framework protecting the human rights of the area’s residents, said the ICJ.
La CIJ también pide la ratificación del Segundo Protocolo Opcional al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos.
En el marco de la conmemoración del Día Mundial contra la Pena de Muerte, la CIJ considera oportuno recordar que ésta representa una pena cruel, inhumana y degradante, que viola el derecho a la vida consagrado en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos.
Lamentablemente, mientras que en el mundo existe una tendencia generalizada hacia la abolición de la pena capital, el Estado de Guatemala mantiene la pena de muerte.
En efecto, la Constitución Política de Guatemala regula y limita la aplicación de la pena de muerte en su artículo 18.
Sin embargo, faculta al Congreso de la República a abolirla, lo cual es congruente con la tendencia mundial a favor de la abolición.
En ocasiones los hechos de extrema violencia que se viven en Guatemala han llevado a sectores de la opinión pública guatemalteca a volcarse a favor de la pena de muerte.
Algunos sectores políticos aprovechan este fenómeno, para incluir en sus programas de trabajo la aplicación de la pena de muerte, con el objetivo de captar los votos de un pueblo cansado de violencia e impunidad.
Por su parte grupos particulares y funcionarios públicos aún se pronuncian a favor de la aplicación de la pena de muerte, aún cuando se ha demostrado que su eficacia para prevenir el delito es casi nula.
En el año 2012, la Cámara Penal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia conmutó la totalidad de las sentencias de muerte por cadena perpetua, sentando un importante precedente en materia judicial y de apoyo a la abolición de la pena máxima en Guatemala.
Por su parte, el Organismo Ejecutivo no se ha pronunciado acerca de la necesidad de aplicar la pena de muerte para combatir la violencia imperante, lo cual es un signo positivo.
Ante estos hechos, en el marco de la conmemoración del Día Mundial contra la Pena de Muerte, la CIJ insta al Congreso de la República a abolir la pena de muerte y ratificar el Segundo Protocolo Opcional al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos.
Al respecto, Ramón Cadena, Director de la CIJ para Centroamérica expresó: “Cabe recordar que el Examen Periódico Universal (EPU) examinó durante el año 2012 al Estado de Guatemala. Varios Estados le recomendaron la abolición total de la pena de muerte y la ratificación del Segundo Protocolo Opcional al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. La facultad de abolir totalmente la pena de muerte le corresponde al Congreso de la República y la ratificación del Protocolo Opcional le corresponde al Organismo Ejecutivo y al Congreso de la República. Esperamos una acción pronta para cumplir con estas recomendaciones.”
La CIJ también pide la ratificación del Segundo Protocolo Opcional al Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos.
Alejandra Ancheita, founder and Executive Director of ProDESC, is one of the pioneers in seeking accountability for transnational companies in Mexican courts when local communities’ rights are not taken into account.
Alejandra Ancheita has worked with migrants, workers, and indigenous communities for over 15 years to protect their land and labour rights vis a vis transnational mining and energy companies.
These disputes have included violent attacks on those she is trying to protect.
In Mexico, there is a clear pattern of attacks, threats, criminalization, and murders of human rights defenders.
Alejandra Ancheita and ProDESC have been subjected to surveillance, a defamation campaign in the national media, and a break in at their offices.
“This recognition calls attention to the increasing violence being suffered by human rights defenders in Mexico, particularly women defenders,” she said. “I hope that it will provide better conditions and increased security not just for me, but for all human rights defenders in my country.”
“The ICJ is extremely pleased by the decision to pay tribute to the work of Alejandra Ancheita, not only because of her outstanding commitment and courage as an individual, but also because of the recognition that this award will provide to the area of human rights work that she has been dedicating herself to for many years,” said Olivier van Bogaert, ICJ Director of Media and Communications, and ICJ Representative on the MEA Jury.
The ICJ which also developed a longstanding work on economic, social and cultural rights, and on business and human rights, will devote the 2014 edition of its Geneva Forum for judges and lawyers to the role of courts in protecting economic, social and cultural rights.
The two other finalists, Cao Shunli (China) and Adilur Rahman Khan (Bangladesh), received Martin Ennals Prizes.
Cao Shunli, who died in in detention in March 14th after being denied medical attention for known health conditions had vigorously advocated for access to information, freedom of speech, and freedom of assembly.
She disappeared in September 2013 shortly before boarding a flight order to participate in the Human Rights Council.
Chinese authorities only acknowledged her detention months later.
A special foundation is planned in her honor.
Since the 1990’s, Adilur Rahman Khan worked on a wide range of human rights issues, such as illegal detention, enforced disappearances, and extra-judicial killings.
Personally he is facing criminal prosecution for documenting the extrajudicial deaths of 61 people during demonstrations against the government.
His organization, Odhikar, is one of the few independent voices left in Bangladesh.
It is facing closure as donor funds destined for Odhikar are being blocked by the Prime Minister’s Office.
The “Nobel Prize of Human Rights”, the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders (MEA) is a unique collaboration among ten of the world’s leading human rights organizations to give protection to human rights defenders worldwide.
Strongly supported by the City of Geneva, the award is given to Human Rights Defenders who have shown deep commitment and face great personal risk. Its aim is to provide protection through international recognition.
The Jury is composed of the following NGOs: ICJ, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights First, Int’l Federation for Human Rights, World Organisation Against Torture, Front Line Defenders, EWDE Germany, International Service for Human Rights, and HURIDOCS.
Contact:
Michael Khambatta, Director Martin Ennals Foundation, t: +41 79 474 8208, e: khambatta(a)martinennalsaward.org
Olivier van Bogaert, ICJ Director of Media and Communications, and ICJ Representative on the MEA Jury, t: +41 22 979 38 08, e: olivier.vanbogaert(a)icj.org
Multimedia gallery:
Livestreaming of the Martin Annals Award 2014 Ceremony
Alejandra Acheita film:
Cao Shunli film:
Adilur Rahman Kahn film:
It was with great sadness that the ICJ learned of the passing of Dr. Rudolf Machacek who died yesterday, 6 October 2014, at the age of 87.
Dr. Machacek was an Honorary Member of the ICJ having previously served as an ICJ Commissioner from 1976-1991 and on the ICJ’s Executive Committee from 1985-1991.
He was a distinguished figure in constitutional justice and human rights. During his career he held positions in the Austrian Constitutional Court, on the Council of Europe’s Committee for the Prevention of Torture and as an Adjunct Professor of Constitutional Jurisdiction and Fundamental Rights at the Johannes Kepler Universitat in Linz, Austria.
Our thoughts and condolences are with his family.
HRC60: Statement by the International Commission of Jurists in the Interactive Dialogue with the UN Special Rapporteur on truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence
HRC60: International Commission of Jurists in the General Debate under Item 2
Serbia: Political leaders must cease interference with the judiciary
Asia Pacific Region: human rights defenders consider how to address new UN Cybercrime Convention