CIJL Country Profiles Archives | Page 18 of 29 | International Commission of Jurists

Russian Federation: Appointment and promotion of judges; Security of tenure

Jun 16, 2014

To safeguard the independence of the judiciary and the rights to equality before the law and equal access to the profession, international standards clarify that judges should be appointed though an open process on the basis of prescribed criteria based on merit and...

Russian Federation: Independence and impartiality; Judicial integrity and accountability

Jun 16, 2014

Respect for the rule of law is founded on public trust of the judiciary and, to maintain that trust, judges must uphold the highest standards of independence, impartiality and integrity, and must be accountable to those standards. The guarantee of judicial decisions...

Russian Federation: Court structure

Jun 16, 2014

Russia has a two-tiered court system with federal courts, and regional courts (or ‘courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation’).{{1}} The federal courts are:{{2}} Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; First and second instance courts in the subjects of...

Swaziland: Constitutional structure

Jun 16, 2014

Under the 2005 Constitution, the King remains the hereditary Head of State.{{1}} The Constitution provides for a Legislature in the form of a Parliament, consisting of a Senate and a House of Assembly.{{2}} Executive authority vests in the King, and he may exercise it...

Swaziland: Constitutional and legislative recognition of the principle of judicial independence

Jun 16, 2014

The independence of the judiciary must be guaranteed by the State and enshrined in the Constitution or the law.{{1}} As noted above, the Constitution in Swaziland expressly guarantees that, “the Judiciary, in both its judicial and administrative functions, including...

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Russian Federation: Appointment and promotion of judges; Security of tenure

Russian Federation: Independence and impartiality; Judicial integrity and accountability

Russian Federation: Court structure

Swaziland: Constitutional structure

Swaziland: Constitutional and legislative recognition of the principle of judicial independence

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