Oct 5, 2017 | Comunicados de prensa
La CIJ hace un llamado a Venezuela a que acepte las solicitudes de visitas al país que han formulado, desde hace varios años, los Procedimientos especiales de las Naciones Unidas, cuyos mandatos son más relevantes para el Estado de Derecho y la crisis de derechos humanos.
La CIJ toma nota del anuncio del Gobierno de Venezuela de invitar al país al Experto independiente sobre la promoción de un orden internacional democrático y equitativo de las Naciones Unidas, Sr. Alfred de Zayas.
Este anuncio, así como él de invitar al país al Relator Especial sobre el derecho al desarrollo, resulta significativo. Por más de una década, el Gobierno venezolano ha denegado o dejado sin respuesta las solicitudes de visita al país de numerosos Expertos de las Naciones Unidas (conocidos como “Procedimientos especiales”). La última misión realizada a Venezuela por un Procedimiento especial, fue la del Relator Especial sobre la Tortura en 1996.
Sin embargo, dada la ruptura del Estado de Derecho y la gravísima situación de derechos humanos en Venezuela, se requiere urgentemente que otros Procedimientos especiales de Naciones Unidas, con un mandato relevante, realicen misiones en el país.
“En el curso de este año las ejecuciones extrajudiciales y arbitrarias, la tortura y malos tratos a detenidos, la detención arbitraria, el juzgamiento de civiles por tribunales militares y las persecuciones y ataques contra opositores, disidentes y defensores de derechos humanos se han convertido en prácticas sistemáticas y generalizadas en Venezuela”, declaró Federico Andreu-Guzmán, Representante para Suramérica de la CIJ.
“Por lo tanto, es difícil entender por qué el Gobierno de Venezuela no responde a las solicitudes formuladas desde larga data por los Procedimientos especiales con mandatos sobre estas violaciones, mientras invita de forma proactiva a otros Expertos de las Naciones Unidas”, agregó Andreu-Guzmán.
La CIJ hace, por lo tanto, un llamado al Gobierno de Venezuela a que invite a visitar el país al Grupo de Trabajo sobre la Detención Arbitraria y a los Relatores Especiales sobre ejecuciones extrajudiciales, sumarias o arbitrarias; la independencia de los magistrados y abogados; la tortura y otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes; los derechos a la libertad de reunión pacífica y de asociación; la promoción y protección del derecho a la libertad de opinión y de expresión; y sobre la situación de los defensores de derechos humanos. Todos estos Expertos de las Naciones Unidas han solicitado visitar Venezuela desde tiempo atrás, incluso algunos desde hace varios años, sin que el Gobierno venezolano haya aceptado estas solicitudes hasta ahora.
“Los Estados miembros de las Naciones Unidas tienen, bajo la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, la obligación de cooperar con los Procedimientos especiales de derechos humanos de esta organización. Esta obligación cobra particular importancia cuando el Estado es miembro del Consejo de Derechos Humanos, como es el caso de Venezuela”, declaró Andreu-Guzmán.
Asimismo, la CIJ hace un llamado al Gobierno de Venezuela para que acepte la solicitud de visita al país que, desde el año 2004, ha reiterativamente formulado la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
Información complementaria
Desde hace varios años, los siguientes Procedimientos especiales del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas han solicitado visitar a Venezuela: el Relator Especial sobre ejecuciones extrajudiciales, sumarias o arbitrarias; el Relator Especial sobre la situación de los defensores de derechos humanos; el Grupo de Trabajo sobre la Detención Arbitraria; el Relator Especial sobre la independencia de los magistrados y abogados; la Relatora Especial sobre los derechos a la libertad de reunión pacífica y de asociación; la Relatora Especial sobre la violencia contra la mujer, sus causas y consecuencias; el Relator Especial sobre la tortura y otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes; el Relator Especial sobre la promoción y protección del derecho a la libertad de opinión y de expresión; el Grupo de Trabajo sobre la cuestión de los derechos humanos y las empresas transnacionales y otras empresas; la Relatora Especial sobre una vivienda adecuada como elemento integrante del derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado; y la Relatora Especial sobre el derecho a la alimentación.
En el ámbito regional, aunque denunció la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos en septiembre de 2012, Venezuela sigue siendo Estado parte de tres tratados interamericanos de derechos humanos (La Convención Interamericana para Prevenir y Sancionar la Tortura; la Convención Interamericana sobre Desaparición Forzada de Personas; y la Convención Interamericana para Prevenir, Sancionar y Erradicar la Violencia Contra la Mujer). Sin embargo, las recomendaciones de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos han sido sistemáticamente ignoradas por el Estado venezolano, el cual además ha denegado las solicitudes de visita al país que este órgano ha formulado desde el año 2004.
Contactos
Federico Andreu-Guzmán, Representante para Suramérica de la CIJ, tel: +57 311 481 8094; correo electrónico federico.andreu@icj.org
Carlos Ayala Corao, Comisionado de la CIJ (Venezuela), tel: +57 414 243 4872; correo electrónico cayala@cjlegal.net
Alex Conte, Iniciativa Global de la CIJ sobre Reparación y Rendición de Cuentas, tel: +22 979 3802; email: alex.conte@icj.org
Sep 28, 2017 | Advocacy, Uncategorized
The ICJ today called on the UN Human Rights Committee and a group of UN Special Procedure mandates to take urgent follow up action on Venezuela in light of the grave and ever deteriorating human rights situation in the country.
In a letter to the UN Human Rights Committee, the treaty body responsible for monitoring implementation by States parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the ICJ called for urgent action by the Committee, either through its established follow-up procedure and/or through requesting a special interim report. The Committee’s follow-up procedure was referenced in the Committee’s Concluding Observations on Venezuela’s fourth periodic report under the ICCPR. Special interim reports may be requested by the Committee under Article 40(1)(b) of the ICCPR.
The ICJ also called for urgent action to be taken by the following UN Special Procedure mandates: the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of assembly and of association, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. This group of Special Procedure mandates had on 4 August 2017 issued a joint statement on the human rights situation in Venezuela.
The ICJ’s letters draw attention to several critical areas of concern:
- The rapidly deteriorating human rights situation;
- The lack of accountability of perpetrators of human rights violations;
- The lack of effective remedies and reparation for victims of human rights violations;
- The lack of independence of the judiciary;
- The institutional crisis arising from decisions of the Supreme Court of Justice;
- The unconstitutional election of the new National Constituent Assembly;
- The dismissal of the former Attorney General;
- The recent establishment of a ‘Truth Commission’;
- The intended revision of Venezuela’s Constitution; and
- Venezuela’s failure to notify its state of emergency under the ICCPR.
ICJ-Correspondence-VenezuelaFollowUp-HRCttee-2017-09-28 (download letter to the Human Rights Committee, in PDF)
ICJ-Correspondence-VenezuelaFollowUp-SPs-2017-09-28 (download letter to the Special Procedure mandates, in PDF)
ICJ reports:
Venezuela: the Supreme Court of Justice has become an arm of an authoritarian executive
Venezuela: rule of law and impunity crisis deepens
Venezuela: dismissal of Attorney General a further blow to the rule of law and accountability
Venezuela: Human rights and Rule of Law in deep crisis
Strengthening the Rule of Law in Venezuela
Sep 27, 2017 | News
The ICJ has welcomed the recent decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) on a recent decision found the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) responsible for the massacre of 70 people in Kilwa in 2004.
In its decision, the Commission not only urges the DRC State to pay 2.5 million US dollars compensation to eight victims and their families but also urges the DRC to prosecute Anvil Mining’s personnel involved in the massacre.
The African Commission also acknowledged the involvement of mining company Anvil Mining, an Australian-Canadian company (later bought by the Chinese company MinMetals) operating a copper and silver mine in Dikulushi, located 50 kilometers from Kilwa, that would
have provided logistical support to soldiers who bombarded civilians.
This decision sheds light on the corporate legal responsibility for human rights abuses, particularly in the extractive
industry sector, and suggests legal avenues for action against Anvil for alleged abuses.
Universal-KilwaMassacre-News-2017-ENG (full pdf ENG)
Sep 27, 2017
In an open letter, the ICJ called on the Supreme Court of the Maldives and the Department of Judicial Administration to revoke the summary suspensions of dozens of lawyers in the country.
On 10 September 2017, the Department of Judicial Administration (DJA), the administrative arm of the Maldivian judiciary supervised directly by the Supreme Court, suspended 54 lawyers without due process.
Their suspension follows a petition by 56 lawyers (two of whom were already under suspension) that called for reforms to ensure independence of the judiciary.
The lawyers’ suspension, procedurally and substantively, is incompatible with international law and standards, said the ICJ.
The letter can be downloaded here:
Maldives-MaldivesLawyersSuspension-Advocacy-OpenLetters-2017-ENG
Contact:
Frederick Rawski (Bangkok), ICJ Asia Pacific Regional Director, e: frederick.rawski(a)icj.org
Reema Omer, ICJ International Legal Advisor (South Asia) t: +923214968434; e: reema.omer(a)icj.org
Sep 25, 2017 | News
Guatemala’s Congress should immediately remove obstacles to investigation and accountability of President Jimmy Morales (photo) and other public officials for alleged violations of campaign finance rules and corruption, the ICJ said today.
The ICJ also called on President Morales to cease efforts to impede the effective functioning of the United Nations mandated International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG).
“Guatemala’s president and some members of Congress are obstructing justice by abusing their authority to avoid investigations for corruption and block the important work carried out by the Attorney General, with CICIG’s assistance,” said Sam Zarifi, ICJ’s Secretary General, just returned from a visit to the country.
“Guatemala, with CICIG’s assistance, has witnessed important progress in the fight against corruption and impunity in recent years, and Congress should be making sure that this trend continues,” he added.
The Congress voted on September 21 to reject the request by Attorney General Thelma Aldana and Ivan Velasquez, Commissioner of CICIG, to strip President Morales of Constitutional immunity he enjoys as president, in connection to allegations that his political party failed to report more than $800,000 in campaign financing.
But the Congressional vote fell short of the threshold of 105 votes needed to reach the necessary two-thirds of Congress needed to reach a final decision and thus can be reconsidered.
On September 13, Congress voted to revise the country’s criminal code by removing Secretary Generals of political parties from accountability for violations of electoral laws (instead limiting accountability to accountants) and to commute the sentences of those already convicted of a number of serious crimes, including corruption, trafficking of persons, and sexual abuse.
The legislators rescinded the vote after two days of nationwide public demonstrations and a decision of the country’s Constitutional Court to suspend the law’s application.
The Guatemalan Constitutional Court suspended the revisions in response to a writ of amparo and characterized Congress’ revisions to the criminal code as “a threat that, in case of being implemented, could cause irreparable damage to the judicial system”.
“The Constitutional Court’s speedy action avoided a massive blow to the fight for accountability in Guatemala, because if the law had gone into effect for even one hour, it would have provided a legal basis for politicians convicted on corruption charges to demand release or commutation of their sentences,” Zarifi said.
Congress’s actions followed an attempt by President Morales to expel CICIG’s Commissioner Velasquez, as persona non grata and to revise CICIG’s mandate, in an apparent bid to block investigations into his alleged wrongdoing.
“Since CICIG was formed in December 2006 at the request of the Guatemalan government, it has worked closely with the country’s Attorney General to improve accountability, and its impact has been undeniably positive,” Zarifi said.
“This is a model of international support for national accountability mechanisms that should be studied and emulated around the world; its continued operation is therefore of interest not just to Guatemala and the region but to global efforts to combat impunity,” he added.
The ICJ called on the Guatemalan government to comply with its international legal obligations as a State party to the 2004 United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the 1996 Inter-American Convention Against Corruption.
Background
Article 30(2) of the UN Convention Against Corruption calls on State Party to strike “an appropriate balance between any immunities or jurisdictional privileges accorded to its public officials for the performance of their functions and the possibility, when necessary, of effectively investigating, prosecuting and adjudicating offences established in accordance with this Convention.”
Article 30(3) demands States “to ensure that any discretionary legal powers under its domestic law relating to the prosecution of persons for offences established in accordance with this Convention are exercised to maximize the effectiveness of law enforcement measures in respect of those offences and with due regard to the need to deter the commission of such offences.”
Contact:
Sam Zarifi, ICJ Secretary General, t: +41 79 726 44 15 ; e: sam.zarifi@icj.org
