Migration and international human rights law – Third edition of Practitioners Guide no. 6
The ICJ today published the third edition of its Practitioners Guide No. 6 on Migration and International Human Rights Law.
The ICJ today published the third edition of its Practitioners Guide No. 6 on Migration and International Human Rights Law.
Tunisia’s transitional justice process has failed to provide accountability for thousands of survivors of sexual and gender-based crimes, the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) said in a new report published today.
Peru has persistently failed to deliver accountability for enforced disappearances and extra-judicial killings, found the ICJ in a report released today.
The baseline study Perú: Desapariciones Forzadas y Ejecuciones Extrajudiciales, Estudio de línea de base (published in Spanish) identifies key obstacles to accountability for serious human rights violations in Peru, particularly for crimes under international law committed during the country’s internal armed conflict (1980-2000).
“There can be no sustainable peace without justice, and providing accountability and ending impunity demand committed implementation of judicial and non-judicial mechanisms”, said Sam Zarifi, Secretary General of the ICJ.
“It is worrisome that the human rights agenda is not a priority for the national government or the justice system. Considering that a new president will be elected soon, it is crucial that the new national government takes measures to prioritize human rights among the public policies. In particular, measures to improve criminal accountability and to provide full and effective reparation to victims should be adopted by the new government as an urgent matter,” he added.
Against a backdrop of ongoing impunity in the country, the ICJ found victims’ rights are not upheld despite the fact they are recognized under the domestic legal framework.
The justice system has handed down less than 100 criminal verdicts on human rights cases related to the armed conflict. The figure is surprisingly low considering that human rights violations and abuses were widespread and systematic during the armed conflict.
In relation to extrajudicial killings alone, the Truth Commission (Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación) documented 7,334 cases. In the case of enforced disappearance, the General Direction for the Search for Disappeared Persons (Dirección General de Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas) has documented 21,793 cases.
The study also examined other challenges such as the lack of implementation of reparation programmes, the slow progress in the search for the disappeared, and inadequate domestic legislation on the use of force by law enforcement officers.
Among others, the study recommends Perú should take the following steps:
Background
The baseline study was produced as part of the ICJ’s regional project addressing justice for extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances in Colombia, Guatemala and Perú, sponsored by the European Union. The baseline study is available in Spanish.
The ICJ has long been monitoring laws, policies and practices concerning the investigation and prosecution of serious human rights violations and abuses in Perú, including enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings, as part of its efforts to promote accountability, justice and the rule of law around the world.
The project is implemented under the ICJ’s Global Accountability Initiative, which has also produced baseline studies for Colombia, Eswatini, Nepal, Myanmar, Venezuela, Cambodia, Tajikistan and Tunisia.
Contacts:
Kingsley Abbott, Director of Global Accountability & International Justice. Email: kingsley.abbott(a)icj.org
Carolina Villadiego Burbano, Legal and Policy Adviser, Latin America, and Regional Coordinator of the Project. Email: carolina.villadiego(a)icj.org
Rocío Quintero M, Legal Adviser, Latin America. Email: rocio.quintero(a)icj.org
Download
Peru-GRA-Baseline-Study-Publications-Reports-Thematic-reports-2020-SPA (full report in Spanish, PDF)
La CIJ ha encontrado que Perú ha fallado de manera persistente en la investigación, judicialización y sanción de los responsables de desapariciones forzadas y las ejecuciones extrajudiciales que se han cometido en el país, según los hallazgos contenidos en un informe que hoy se publica.
El estudio de línea de base Perú: Desapariciones Forzadas y Ejecuciones Extrajudiciales, Estudio de línea de base identifica obstáculos que impiden la rendición de cuentas penal en casos de graves violaciones de derechos humanos en Perú, en particular por crímenes internacionales cometidos durante el conflicto armado interno (1980-2000).
Al respecto, el Secretario General de la CIJ, Sam Zarifi, afirmó que “no puede haber paz sostenible sin justicia y rendición de cuentas. Acabar con la impunidad requiere la implementación decidida de mecanismos judiciales y no judiciales”.
De igual manera, Zarifi remarcó que “es preocupante que la agenda de derechos humanos no sea una prioridad para el gobierno nacional o para el sistema de justicia. Por esto, dado que pronto habrá elecciones presidenciales, es crucial que el nuevo gobierno adopte medidas para priorizar los derechos humanos en las políticas públicas, particularmente aquellas encaminadas a mejorar la rendición de cuentas en materia penal, así como la reparación plena y efectiva de los derechos de las víctimas”.
En el informe, la CIJ concluyó que, en el contexto de impunidad por las graves violaciones de derechos humanos que existe en Perú, los derechos de las víctimas no son garantizados a pesar de estar reconocidos en el marco jurídico nacional. En efecto, el sistema de justicia penal ha dictado menos de 100 sentencias en casos de violaciones de derechos humanos relacionados con el conflicto armado.
La cifra es sorprendentemente baja dado que las violaciones y los abusos fueron generalizados y sistemáticos durante el conflicto. Por ejemplo, solo en relación con las ejecuciones extrajudiciales, la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación documentó 7.334 casos. Y en el caso de la desaparición forzada, la Dirección General de Búsqueda de Personas Desaparecidas ha documentado 21.793 casos.
La Línea Base también expone otros desafíos, como la falta de implementación de los programas de reparación, el lento avance en la búsqueda de personas desaparecidas y el deficiente marco jurídico nacional respecto de la regulación del uso de la fuerza por parte de la Policía.
Adicionalmente, el documento ofrece recomendaciones para que se mejore la protección de los derechos de las víctimas por parte de las autoridades. Entre estas recomendaciones están:
Antecedentes
Este informe se produjo como parte del proyecto regional de la CIJ “Promoviendo justicia para ejecuciones extrajudiciales y desapariciones forzadas en Colombia, Guatemala y Perú”, patrocinado por la Unión Europea. El informe está disponible en español.
La CIJ ha monitoreado durante varios años las leyes, políticas y prácticas relacionadas con la investigación y el enjuiciamiento de graves violaciones y abusos de los derechos humanos en el Perú, incluidas las desapariciones forzadas y las ejecuciones extrajudiciales. Lo anterior como parte de su esfuerzo para promover la rendición de cuentas, la justicia y el estado de derecho en el mundo.
El proyecto se implementa bajo la Iniciativa de Rendición de Cuentas de la CIJ, que también ha producido informes para Colombia, Eswatini, Nepal, Myanmar, Venezuela, Cambodia, Tajikistan y Tunisia.
Contacto:
Kingsley Abbott, Director de la Iniciativa Global de Rendición de cuentas de la CIJ. Email: kingsley.abbott@icj.org
Carolina Villadiego Burbano, Asesora Legal para América Latina y Coordinadora regional del proyecto. Email: carolina.villadiego@icj.org
Rocío Quintero M, Asesora Legal para América Latina de la CIJ. Email: rocio.quintero@icj.org
Peru-GRA-Baseline-Study-Publications-Reports-Thematic-reports-2020-SPA
For International Transgender Day of Visibility, the ICJ launched a report setting out an overview of States’ legal obligations under the international human rights framework in relation to issues of sexual orientation, gender expression and gender identity, and an analysis of the human rights situation of LGBT persons in Colombia, Malaysia and South Africa.
The 60-page report, Invisible, Isolated, and Ignored: Human Rights Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression in Colombia, South Africa and Malaysia, was launched through a discussion facilitated by The Cheeky Natives, a literary podcast, with four activists from the three countries on which the report focussed. The activists discussed the content of the report through the lens of their own experience of working with LGBT persons in the respective countries
“As a country, South Africa has possibly one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. It explicitly names sexual orientation. We recognise civil unions; we have a legal gender recognition law. On paper, we are beautiful. In practice, I think we have continuously failed to actualise these rights: access to education, access to healthcare, access to anything that is a general need for every other human being has not been the same for LGBTI people and as marginalised as LGBTI people are in the country, Trans people sit on the margins of that marginalisation,” said Akani Shimange, Director of Matimba, a South African organisation which advocates for kids and teenagers that are transgender or/and gender variant to have happy and healthy lives.
The report aims to offer an overview of different contexts and issues relevant to the respect, protection and promotion of the human rights of LGBT people through a human rights-based analysis and, in so doing, it aims to support lawyers working to enhance protection for the human rights of LGBT persons within their challenging domestic legal frameworks.
“To this day, discrimination and abuse on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity remain rampant around the world. It is important to listen to accounts of LGBT persons who constantly face criminalization, lack of acceptance and continued violence in a climate of impunity exacerbated by the COVID-19 outbreak. This report considers these obstacles, and also makes recommendations to overcome them,” said Sam Zarifi, Secretary General of the ICJ.
The report provides support to the work of LGBT human rights defenders working on human rights issues, as well as assisting policymakers to better understand the impact of law and policy on the human rights of LGBT persons globally.
In addition, the report makes country-specific recommendations to enhance respect, protection and promotion of the human rights of LGBT persons with a view to ameliorating their lives. In Malaysia, where the laws are considerably different from the more progressive Colombian and South African legal frameworks, the recommendations mostly focused around the decriminalization of same-sex consensual conduct and abolition of all laws that criminalize sexual orientation and gender diverse identities as these laws threaten the safety and security of LGBT people and also detrimentally affect the ability of LGBT persons to exercise and enjoy their human rights without discrimination.
As for the Colombian and South African recommendations, the emphasis was on ensuring LGBT persons’ effective access to and enjoyment of existing rights, as well as conducting training programmes on the human rights of LGBT persons based on national and international human rights standards. Additionally, the report calls for programmes to raise awareness about harmful stereotypes, including the use of pejorative language, directed at LGBT persons. In particular, with respect to South Africa, the report documented the limitation on the enjoyment of human rights that have arisen as a consequence of making medical interventions and medical reports mandatory for gender marker change.
Contact
Nokukhanya (Khanyo) Farisè, Legal Adviser (Africa Regional Programme), e: nokukhanya.farise(a)icj.org
Tanveer Jeewa, Legal and Communications Officer (Africa Regional Programme), e: tanveer.jeewa(a)icj.org
Download
Colombia-SouthAfrica-Malaysia-SOGIE-Publications-Reports-Thematic reports-2021-ENG