Attacks on Justice 2002: Portugal
Portuguese courts are autonomous and operate independently. A large backlog of pending trials has apparently resulted in the dismissal of cases due to their exceeding the limitation period.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Italy
The Italian justice system continued to be hampered by excessively long periods of trial. Silvio Berlusconi, Italy’s wealthiest business figure, and his centre-right coalition won the Italian general election held in 2001.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Yugoslavia
The period covered by this report saw dramatic political changes in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. President Slobodan Milosevic was ousted by a peaceful popular uprising after 13 years in power.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Turkey
The 1982 Constitution establishes Turkey as a republic with a parliamentary form of government. According to Article 2, Turkey is a democratic, secular and social State governed by the rule of law.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Russia
The judiciary required extensive reform. President Putin has announced a commitment to such reforms, but they had yet to be implemented. Many judges did not function independently and corruption and bribery remained rampant.
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