Sep 28, 2017 | Advocacy, Uncategorized
The ICJ today called on the UN Human Rights Committee and a group of UN Special Procedure mandates to take urgent follow up action on Venezuela in light of the grave and ever deteriorating human rights situation in the country.
In a letter to the UN Human Rights Committee, the treaty body responsible for monitoring implementation by States parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the ICJ called for urgent action by the Committee, either through its established follow-up procedure and/or through requesting a special interim report. The Committee’s follow-up procedure was referenced in the Committee’s Concluding Observations on Venezuela’s fourth periodic report under the ICCPR. Special interim reports may be requested by the Committee under Article 40(1)(b) of the ICCPR.
The ICJ also called for urgent action to be taken by the following UN Special Procedure mandates: the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, the Special Rapporteur on freedom of assembly and of association, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. This group of Special Procedure mandates had on 4 August 2017 issued a joint statement on the human rights situation in Venezuela.
The ICJ’s letters draw attention to several critical areas of concern:
- The rapidly deteriorating human rights situation;
- The lack of accountability of perpetrators of human rights violations;
- The lack of effective remedies and reparation for victims of human rights violations;
- The lack of independence of the judiciary;
- The institutional crisis arising from decisions of the Supreme Court of Justice;
- The unconstitutional election of the new National Constituent Assembly;
- The dismissal of the former Attorney General;
- The recent establishment of a ‘Truth Commission’;
- The intended revision of Venezuela’s Constitution; and
- Venezuela’s failure to notify its state of emergency under the ICCPR.
ICJ-Correspondence-VenezuelaFollowUp-HRCttee-2017-09-28 (download letter to the Human Rights Committee, in PDF)
ICJ-Correspondence-VenezuelaFollowUp-SPs-2017-09-28 (download letter to the Special Procedure mandates, in PDF)
ICJ reports:
Venezuela: the Supreme Court of Justice has become an arm of an authoritarian executive
Venezuela: rule of law and impunity crisis deepens
Venezuela: dismissal of Attorney General a further blow to the rule of law and accountability
Venezuela: Human rights and Rule of Law in deep crisis
Strengthening the Rule of Law in Venezuela
Sep 25, 2017 | News
Guatemala’s Congress should immediately remove obstacles to investigation and accountability of President Jimmy Morales (photo) and other public officials for alleged violations of campaign finance rules and corruption, the ICJ said today.
The ICJ also called on President Morales to cease efforts to impede the effective functioning of the United Nations mandated International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG).
“Guatemala’s president and some members of Congress are obstructing justice by abusing their authority to avoid investigations for corruption and block the important work carried out by the Attorney General, with CICIG’s assistance,” said Sam Zarifi, ICJ’s Secretary General, just returned from a visit to the country.
“Guatemala, with CICIG’s assistance, has witnessed important progress in the fight against corruption and impunity in recent years, and Congress should be making sure that this trend continues,” he added.
The Congress voted on September 21 to reject the request by Attorney General Thelma Aldana and Ivan Velasquez, Commissioner of CICIG, to strip President Morales of Constitutional immunity he enjoys as president, in connection to allegations that his political party failed to report more than $800,000 in campaign financing.
But the Congressional vote fell short of the threshold of 105 votes needed to reach the necessary two-thirds of Congress needed to reach a final decision and thus can be reconsidered.
On September 13, Congress voted to revise the country’s criminal code by removing Secretary Generals of political parties from accountability for violations of electoral laws (instead limiting accountability to accountants) and to commute the sentences of those already convicted of a number of serious crimes, including corruption, trafficking of persons, and sexual abuse.
The legislators rescinded the vote after two days of nationwide public demonstrations and a decision of the country’s Constitutional Court to suspend the law’s application.
The Guatemalan Constitutional Court suspended the revisions in response to a writ of amparo and characterized Congress’ revisions to the criminal code as “a threat that, in case of being implemented, could cause irreparable damage to the judicial system”.
“The Constitutional Court’s speedy action avoided a massive blow to the fight for accountability in Guatemala, because if the law had gone into effect for even one hour, it would have provided a legal basis for politicians convicted on corruption charges to demand release or commutation of their sentences,” Zarifi said.
Congress’s actions followed an attempt by President Morales to expel CICIG’s Commissioner Velasquez, as persona non grata and to revise CICIG’s mandate, in an apparent bid to block investigations into his alleged wrongdoing.
“Since CICIG was formed in December 2006 at the request of the Guatemalan government, it has worked closely with the country’s Attorney General to improve accountability, and its impact has been undeniably positive,” Zarifi said.
“This is a model of international support for national accountability mechanisms that should be studied and emulated around the world; its continued operation is therefore of interest not just to Guatemala and the region but to global efforts to combat impunity,” he added.
The ICJ called on the Guatemalan government to comply with its international legal obligations as a State party to the 2004 United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the 1996 Inter-American Convention Against Corruption.
Background
Article 30(2) of the UN Convention Against Corruption calls on State Party to strike “an appropriate balance between any immunities or jurisdictional privileges accorded to its public officials for the performance of their functions and the possibility, when necessary, of effectively investigating, prosecuting and adjudicating offences established in accordance with this Convention.”
Article 30(3) demands States “to ensure that any discretionary legal powers under its domestic law relating to the prosecution of persons for offences established in accordance with this Convention are exercised to maximize the effectiveness of law enforcement measures in respect of those offences and with due regard to the need to deter the commission of such offences.”
Contact:
Sam Zarifi, ICJ Secretary General, t: +41 79 726 44 15 ; e: sam.zarifi@icj.org
Sep 19, 2017 | Advocacy, Non-legal submissions
In a statement to the UN Human Rights Council today, the ICJ called for the appointment of a Special Rapporteur on the situation for human rights in Venezuela, given the ongoing human rights and rule of law crisis in the country.
The statement, which was delivered during a general debate on country situations of concern, read as follows:
“In Venezuela, extrajudicial and arbitrary executions, torture, arbitrary detention, prosecution of civilians by military tribunals, and persecution and attacks against opponents, dissidents and human rights defenders have become systematic and widespread practices.
Demonstrations and protests are violently suppressed by state security bodies and groups of armed civilians close to the government.
These gross human rights violations remain subject to impunity.
The possibility of exercising fundamental freedoms of expression and assembly, as well as political rights, is non-existent.
Following a series of decisions by the Supreme Court of Justice and the Government, the rule of law has ceased to exist, there is no separation of powers, the legislative branch has been stripped of its constitutional powers and the judiciary has become an instrument of the Executive Branch.
The National Constituent Assembly has usurped functions that do not belong to it, such as legislating and dismissing officials.
The International Commission of Jurists considers that, given the very serious human rights situation and the breakdown of the rule of law, it is imperative that the Human Rights Council appoint a Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Venezuela.”
ICJ reports:
Venezuela: the Supreme Court of Justice has become an arm of an authoritarian executive
Venezuela: rule of law and impunity crisis deepens
Venezuela: dismissal of Attorney General a further blow to the rule of law and accountability
Venezuela: Human rights and Rule of Law in deep crisis
Strengthening the Rule of Law in Venezuela
Sep 12, 2017 | Events, Multimedia items, News, Video clips
At a side event to the UN Human Rights Council session, the ICJ reviewed today the latest developments in Venezuela, highlighting the extremely serious human rights situation and prevailing impunity, and discussed action that should be taken by the Human Rights Council to address the crisis.
- Laila Matar, Senior UN Advocate, Human Rights Watch
Speakers:
- Sam Zarifi, ICJ Secretary General
- Carlos Ayala Corao, Venezuelan lawyer, ICJ Commissioner
- Federico Andreu Guzman, ICJ South America Representative
Watch the video:
https://www.facebook.com/ridhglobal/videos/10157079100584616/
For additional recent ICJ reports on Venezuela, click here.
The flyer for this event is available in PDF format by clicking here.
For more information, contact un(a)icj.org
Sep 12, 2017 | Comunicados de prensa, Informes, Noticias, Publicaciones
Hoy la Comisión Internacional de Juristas lanza un nuevo informe sobre la grave ruptura del Estado de Derecho: El Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela: un instrumento del Poder Ejecutivo.
A través de diferentes sentencias emitidas desde diciembre de 2015, el máximo órgano de la Judicatura venezolana fue progresivamente desmantelando el Estado de Derecho, socavando los derechos humanos y dejando sin aplicación la Constitución política de ese país.
En sus decisiones Nos. 155 y 156 de marzo de 2017, el Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ) daría una estocada final al Estado de Derecho, arrogándose las facultades legislativas, despojando a la Asamblea Nacional de sus facultades constitucionales y otorgando amplísimos y arbitrarios poderes al Ejecutivo.
En su Sentencia No. 155 de 27 de marzo de 2017, el TSJ se pronunció sobre un recurso de nulidad presentado por un Diputado oficialista contra un acto de la Asamblea Nacional, que pedía la reactivación del proceso de aplicación de la Carta Democrática Interamericana de la Organización de los Estados Americanos, para una resolución pacífica de la crisis y la reinstauración del orden constitucional en Venezuela.
En su Sentencia No. 156 de 28 de marzo de 2017, el TSJ se pronunció sobre una demanda de interpretación sobre Ley Orgánica de Hidrocarburos, que cercenó las facultades constitucionales de la Asamblea Nacional.
“Estas decisiones constituyen un verdadero Golpe de Estado al orden constitucional y han dado inicio del reino de la arbitrariedad”, declaró Sam Zarifi, Secretario General de la CIJ.
El informe de la CIJ analiza, a la luz de estándares internacionales y de los principios del Estado de Derecho así como de la Constitución venezolana, la jurisprudencia emitida desde diciembre de 2015 por el TSJ en relación con las funciones y facultades constitucionales del Poder Legislativo, el control parlamentario, los estados de excepción y la amnistía.
El TSJ – una institución totalmente cooptada por el Poder Ejecutivo e integrada mayoritariamente por del Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV) y/o ex funcionarios del Gobierno- se convirtió en un apéndice del Gobierno y un instrumento político del régimen para enfrentar la cada vez más creciente oposición política y social.
Invocando arbitrarias interpretaciones de la Constitución, omitiendo el análisis de otras normas constitucionales, otorgando rango supraconstitucional a normas de inferior jerarquía y obviando el debido proceso y el sistema de contradicción judicial, el TSJ fue despojando y vaciando a la Asamblea Nacional de sus funciones constitucionales en materia legislativa, de control parlamentario, de reglamentación y de administración interna, para favorecer políticamente al Gobierno.
“Los fallos no se han proferido con imparcialidad, de conformidad a los hechos y el derecho, como lo prescriben el principio 2 de los Principios básicos relativos a la independencia de la judicatura pero más bien están en flagrante violación de la Constitución venezolana. El TSJ ha proferido sus decisiones basado en consideraciones políticas y lealtades partidistas e ideológicas con el Poder Ejecutivo”, declaró Sam Zarifi.
Asimismo, el informe relaciona las recomendaciones sobre administración de justicia que han venido formulando a Venezuela, desde hace varios años, distintos órganos y procedimientos internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos, tanto en el ámbito de las Naciones Unidas como del Sistema Interamericano.
Ninguna de esas recomendaciones ha sido acatada por las autoridades venezolanas, incluso las órdenes de reparación decretadas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, las cuales son de obligatorio cumplimiento.
“Esa posición de las autoridades venezolana es violatoria de su obligación internacional de cooperar de buena fe con órganos y procedimientos internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos”, declaró Sam Zarifi.
Finalmente, el informe concluye que el TSJ ha socavado el Estado de Derecho, vulnerado el principio de separación de poderes y conculcado las funciones constitucionales y la autonomía del Poder Legislativo.
El TSJ, como consecuencia de sus decisiones basadas en imponer los intereses políticos del Poder Ejecutivo, ha perdido sus atributos esenciales de un genuino Poder Judicial, tales como: independencia, imparcialidad, autonomía, y legitimidad.
“El TSJ ha asumido un rol de dar apariencia de legitimidad jurídica a las acciones políticas arbitrarias emanadas del Poder Ejecutivo, convirtiéndose en un apéndice del Poder Ejecutivo y dejando de ejercer su función constitucional de garante del Estado de Derecho y de los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales”, declaró Sam Zarifi.
Contactos:
Sam Zarifi: Secretario General de la CIJ; t +41 79 726 44 15 ; e sam.zarifi@icj.org
Federico Andreu-Guzmán: Representante para Suramérica de la CIJ; t + 57 311 481 8094; e federico.andreu@icj.org
Venezuela-Tribunal Supremo-Publications-Reports-Thematic reports-2017-SPA (el informe en PDF)
Venezuela-Actualización-Advocacy-Analysis brief-2017-SPA (mas información en PDF)
