European Court of Human Rights ruling: Greek civil unions law only for heterosexual couples violates European human rights law

European Court of Human Rights ruling: Greek civil unions law only for heterosexual couples violates European human rights law

FIDH, ILGA-Europe, ICJ, AIRE-Centre and HLHR welcome this important decision. The organizations had submitted written comments about the case to the Court in June 2011.

In a judgment in the joint cases of Vallianatos and Mylonas v. Greece and C.S. and others v. Greece delivered today, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Greece had violated the European Convention on Human Rights by excluding same-sex couples from a “civil union”, restricted in Greece to heterosexual couples.

“All Member States of the Council of Europe must condemn any form of discrimination against homosexuals. Homosexual couples, as heterosexual couples, involved in a stable relationship, should benefit from a legal recognition”, said Karim Lahidji, FIDH President. He added: “Twenty-two of the Member States of the Council of Europe have created a legal form of recognition for same-sex couples. Greece must change its law to comply with the European Convention on Human Rights”.

Evelyne Paradis, Executive Director of ILGA-Europe, said: “The European Court of Human Rights reaffirmed already established principle that sexual orientation discrimination is in breach of the European Convention. Now the Court took yet another step to say that if a country provides legal recognition to unmarried heterosexual couples in a form of civil unions, same-sex couples also must be able to benefit from such legal recognition. European consensus on the legal recognition of same-sex partnership is constantly growing and we welcome the fact the Court is taking it into account and reflect in its jurisprudence.”

Livio Zilli, Senior Legal Adviser at the International Commission of Jurists, said: “The Court reiterated that the Convention was a living instrument to be interpreted in the present-day conditions and that the state was obliged under the Convention to take account of societal developments, as well as the fact that there is no single way or choice when it came to people’s exercise and enjoyment of their right to family or private life.”

In its decision, the Court ruled that Greece had failed to provide a convincing justification for excluding same-sex couples.

The Government’s argument, according to which the law’s main purpose was to protect children of unmarried parents, did not constitute a valid reason, because the law’s real objective was the legal recognition of a new form of family life.

Therefore, exclusion of same-sex couples breaches the Convention.

In November 2008, Greece adopted a law creating the “civil unions”, an alternative to marriage.

However, the first article restricts such unions to “two physical individuals of different sex who have reached the age of majority”. An animated debate relating to the inclusion of same-sex couples took place before the adoption of this law.

During the debate before the Hellenic Parliament, the Minister of Justice at the time, declared: “We mustn’t include same sex couples. We are indeed convinced that the needs and demands of the Hellenic society do not cross this line; as a legislator, the political party in power is accountable to the Greek people; we have our own beliefs and negotiations are over; I believe it is the way to go”.

In their written comments, FIDH, ILGA-Europe, ICJ and AIRE-Centre recalled that the European Court has repeatedly condemned direct discrimination based on sexual orientation as a violation of protected rights.

The Court’s case-law reiterates that when it comes to a difference in treatment based on sex or sexual orientation, the principle of proportionality does not merely require that the measure chosen is in principle suited for realising the aim sought.

It must also be shown that the discriminatory treatment is necessary in order to achieve that aim, otherwise the measure will be in violation of the Convention. Creating a “civil union” only for unmarried different-sex couples amounts to direct discrimination and therefore violates the Convention.

Today’s decision follows recent jurisprudence of the Court against discrimination of same-sex couples. On February 2013, in the X. and others v. Austria case, the European Court condemned Austria for banning a homosexual person to adopt the biological child of his/her partner. It decided that the ban of unmarried same-sex couples, which are in the same situation than unmarried different-sex couples, was not justified and violated article 14 of the Convention in conjunction with article 8.

Contact:

Livio Zilli, Senior Legal Adviser, ICJ, e-mail: livio.zilli(a)icj.org

Additional information:

  • Judgement of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Vallianatos and Mylonas v. Greece and C.S. and others v. Greece

Greece-Vallianatos_CEDH-news-press release-2013-FR (full French text in pdf)

 

La CIJ condamne les menaces de mort contre un juge tunisien

La CIJ condamne les menaces de mort contre un juge tunisien

Aujourd’hui, la CIJ a adressé une lettre au ministre tunisien de l’intérieur et au ministre de la justice pour leur demander de prendre des mesures immédiates afin d’assurer la sécurité et l’intégrité physique du juge Kalthoum Kennou.

Le juge Kalthoum Kennou est un juge tunisien à la Cour de cassation, présidente de l’association tunisienne des magistrats et commissaire de la CIJ.

Cet appel intervient alors que le juge Kennou a reçu une lettre contenant de graves menaces de mort, exigeant son retrait de la magistrature.

Le juge Kennou est active dans la mise en place d’un pouvoir judiciaire indépendant ainsi que pour la protection des droits de l’Homme.

La CIJ condamne fermement ces menaces et tous les actes d’intimidation contre le système judiciaire et les défenseurs des droits de l’Homme en Tunisie.

La CIJ appelle également les autorités tunisiennes à ouvrir les enquêtes nécessaires pour trouver, poursuivre et punir les individus derrière ces menaces brutales.

Tunisia-Lettre Kalthoum Kennou – MoI-advocacy-2013 (Lettre complète en pdf)

Maroc : Un pouvoir judiciaire pleinement indépendant doit être mis en place

Maroc : Un pouvoir judiciaire pleinement indépendant doit être mis en place

Aujourd’hui, la CIJ, la FIDH et le Réseau euro-méditerranéen des droits de l’Homme (REMDH) ont appelé les autorités marocaines à réformer le système judiciaire en profondeur et à le mettre en conformité avec les normes internationales.

Les réformes devraient viser à mettre un terme au contrôle effectif de l’exécutif sur le Conseil supérieur de la magistrature ; à réformer le statut des magistrats ; garantir l’indépendance des procureurs et retirer aux tribunaux militaires leur compétence pour juger des civils.

Cette déclaration intervient au terme d’une mission de haut niveau effectuée au Maroc par les trois organisations afin d’évaluer le cadre juridique actuel et son respect des principes relatifs à l’indépendance, l’impartialité et la responsabilité du pouvoir judiciaire. Dans un mémorandum adressé aux autorités marocaines, les organisations ont formulé 20 recommandations spécifiques portant sur la réforme.

« Les autorités marocaines devraient amender la législation afin de mettre fin au contrôle global exercé sur la carrière des juges, notamment leur nomination, promotion et les procédures disciplinaires à leur encontre, et devraient adopter une nouvelle loi portant sur le Conseil supérieur de la magistrature » a déclaré Souhayr Belhassen, Présidente de la FIDH.

Par ailleurs, le code militaire marocain étend la juridiction des tribunaux militaires pour juger des civils, et ce, en contradiction avec le droit et les normes internationales. Il ne prévoit pas de garanties à un procès équitable par un tribunal compétent et indépendant, notamment les droits à la défense et de faire appel.

Morocco-Independent Judiciary-press release-2013-Fr (Communiqué de presse complet en PDF)

Morocco-Mémorandum sur la réforme du pouvoir judicaire-mission report-2013-fr  (Texte complet en PDF)

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