Jun 21, 2019 | News, Publications, Reports, Workshop reports
The ICJ has today published a report on indigenous and other traditional or customary justice systems in Asia.
The report is based on discussions at the 2018 Geneva Forum of Judges & Lawyers which was convened in Bangkok, Thailand, in December.
The Bangkok meeting brought together judges, lawyers, and other legal experts from around the Asia-Pacific region, from both formal State justice systems and indigenous and other traditional or customary systems.
Participants reaffirmed the potential for indigenous and other traditional or customary justice mechanisms to contribute to the realization of equal and effective access to justice, particularly for indigenous, rural, poor and other marginalised populations.
Participants stressed the importance of sustained consultations and engagement directly with indigenous justice systems, to encourage their development in harmony with international human rights standards and in coordination with more official or formal national legal institutions.
Participants also highlighted the opportunities and risks associated with similar forms of constructive engagement with other, non-indigenous, traditional or customary justice systems. The relevance of UN Sustainable Development Goal 16 was also highlighted.
Participants further agreed that States must at the same time ensure that formal systems are also made more accessible, both in practical and in cultural terms, to relevant communities.
The report urges that, in line with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, constitutional or other legal provisions should recognize the role of indigenous justice systems, within an overall framework for protection and promotion of international human rights standards.
Indigenous peoples and States should jointly consider means for improved coordination and collaboration between indigenous and non-indigenous justice systems, with a view to seeing the different systems work in harmony to provide effective access to justice and protection of human rights for all people.
The report cautions however, that a similar approach may or may not be appropriate in relation to certain other traditional and customary justice systems not covered by the UN Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The report also outlines experiences from a number of countries around the region, both in terms of existing obstacles to equal access to justice, and the possibilities for constructive engagement.
It also identifies a number of legal and policy questions of continuing controversy, including on the relationship between indigenous and other traditional or customary justice systems, and the official State justice system, and how international human rights and rule of law standards should be applied.
The UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, a key participant in the Bangkok meeting, has announced that her report to the Human Rights Council in September 2019 will focus on indigenous justice systems.
The interactive dialogue on her report will be an important opportunity for States and civil society to further exchange views on the best means of implementing the relevant provisions of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the diversity of contexts around the world.
The Geneva Forum global and regional consultations, the Special Rapporteur’s report and associated dialogue, and the ICJ’s own research, global experience and expertise, will provide a foundation for the development by the ICJ of further legal, policy and practical guidance to be published in 2020.
The report summarizing discussions at the 2018 Forum should be read in conjunction with the separately published and periodically updated Traditional and Customary Justice Systems: Selected International Sources, which compiles relevant treaty provisions, standards, conclusions and recommendations of UN and other expert bodies, as well as the Report of the 2017 Forum.
The Geneva Forum is an annual global meeting of senior judges, lawyers, prosecutors and other legal and United Nations experts, convened by the ICJ through its Geneva-based Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, with the support of the Canton and Republic of Geneva (Switzerland) and other partners.
Each year, participants and the ICJ discuss an issue relevant to the independence and role of judges, lawyers and prosecutors, with a view to developing and disseminating practical guidance for practitioners.
Contact
matt.pollard(a)icj.org
Universal-Trad Custom Justice GF 2018-Publications-Thematic reports-2019-ENG (full report in PDF)
May 24, 2019 | Comunicados de prensa, Noticias
Una misión internacional de la CIJ concluye que la Comunidad Laguna Larga, que sufrió un desalojo forzoso a mediados del año 2017, continúa sin la atención humanitaria adecuada y sin una solución duradera.
La CIJ llevó a cabo una misión internacional que inició el 19 de mayo y finalizó el día 23 de mayo, para observar la situación de los desplazados internos de la Comunidad Laguna Larga, desalojados forzosamente el 2 de junio de 2017, en el norte del departamento de El Petén.
La misión estuvo integrada por Marie Berger, abogada de nacionalidad Suiza, de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Colegio de Abogados de Ginebra, Suiza; Nuria Carulla, de la organización Justicia y Paz en Barcelona, entidad de la Iglesia Católica para la defensa de los derechos humanos, experta en Solidaridad Internacional y Ramón Cadena, Director de la Comisión Internacional de Juristas para Centroamérica. La asesora legal de la Comisión Internacional de Juristas Francisca Sánchez, asistió en la organización de la misión.
La visita a la comunidad se llevó a cabo el día 21 de mayo, habiendo realizado una serie de reuniones con las autoridades de la comunidad, con un grupo de mujeres de la comunidad y finalmente, con un grupo abierto de miembros de dicha comunidad.
La CIJ se permite recordar que la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH), en la medida cautelar número 412-2017 concluyó que “…los derechos a la vida e integridad personal de los pobladores desplazados de la Comunidad de Laguna Larga se encuentran en una situación de gravedad y urgencia de riesgo de un daño irreparable” y, en consecuencia, la CIDH estableció diferentes medidas de protección a favor de las y los pobladores de dicha comunidad en la medida cautelar ya identificada.
Leer más: Guatemala-visita a Laguna Larga-News-web story-2019-SPA
Apr 11, 2019 | Advocacy
Today the ICJ joined twenty organizations in calling for Myanmar’s new Constitutional Amendment Committee to fully protect the right to freedom of expression in the Constitution, in line with international law and standards including Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
The statement reads:
“20 expert organisations urge Myanmar to fully guarantee the internationally protected right to freedom of expression in the Constitution
11 April 2019 — A new parliamentary committee tasked with reviewing Myanmar’s constitution is an opportunity for the government to guarantee the democratic rights to free expression, media freedom, and access to information.
We welcome the government’s creation of the Constitutional Amendment Committee, established to review and propose amendments that will support Myanmar’s transition to democracy.
Myanmar’s 2008 Constitution does not include the guarantees required in a democracy to protect freedom of expression. Those that it does include do not meet relevant international human rights standards. This threatens the transition to and quality of Myanmar’s democracy as can be seen for example in the wide range of laws used to prosecute journalists and human rights defenders.
We call on the Constitutional Amendment Committee to recommend:
- Replacement of the current heavily prescribed guarantee for freedom of expression in Articles 354(a) and 365 with a single article that guarantees the right to freedom of expression in accordance with international standards, so that it fully reflects the requirements of Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- A new separate article guaranteeing the right to access information held by public authorities.
- A new separate article guaranteeing media freedom, which should prohibit prior censorship of the media or licensing of the print media and individual journalists, and should protect journalism as well as the independence of the Myanmar Press Council, Myanmar Broadcasting Council, and any future public service media.
- Each guarantee should include only those limitations that are provided by law and are necessary for the respect of the rights or reputations of others, or for the protection of national security or of public order, or of public health or morals.
We are committed to supporting Myanmar’s transition to democracy and would be happy to provide further information and guidance as the Committee conducts its review.”
Signed by 20 organizations with the support of 13 other organizations.
Full statement and list of organizations available in English and Burmese here: Myanmar-Joint Statement on FoE and Const Ref-Advocacy-2019-BUR
Apr 4, 2019 | News
Today, the ICJ urged Singapore’s Parliament not to pass the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Bill 2019 (‘Online Falsehoods Bill’), which was tabled on Monday, 1 April.
The ICJ said that the bill, if passed into law, would result in far-reaching limitations on freedom of expression, opinion and information in Singapore, and could be wielded to curtail important discussion of matters of public interest, including content critical of the government.
“This bill, if passed, would make the government the sole arbiter of what information is permissible online and what is not, creating a real risk that the law will be misused to clamp down on opinions or information critical of the government,” said Frederick Rawski, ICJ Director for Asia and the Pacific.
The bill authorizes ministers to direct individuals, owners or operators of online platforms, digital advertising and internet intermediaries to remove, make corrections to, disable or block access to a “false statement of fact”, if such action is deemed to be “in the public interest”. Such ministerial directions can be made even if a false statement “has been amended or has ceased to be communicated in Singapore”.
The bill does not provide any real definition of “false statement of fact” and does not clarify what constitutes “public interest”. The bill also fails to provide for exceptions or defences such as honest mistake, parody, artistic merit, or public interest. Executive discretion is also not subject to judicial review or oversight under its provisions.
Criminal penalties for non-compliance with the law are severe, and include hefty fines and up to ten years’ imprisonment for violations.
These may be imposed on individuals and/or owners or operators of online platforms, as well as intermediaries who facilitate the communication of such statements, including social networking services, search engine services, internet-based messaging services and video-sharing services.
The bill is also clear that communications through SMS (Short Message Service) and MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) fall under its remit.
“The spread of misinformation online is a complex problem that cannot be effectively addressed by simply granting broad discretion to government officials to censor online expression,” said Rawski.
“A multi-pronged approach that protects the rights to free expression, opinion and information is required, beginning with better media literacy education and free access to information, including to opinions critical of the government,” he added.
Contact
Frederick Rawski, ICJ Asia Pacific Regional Director (Bangkok), e: frederick.rawski(a)icj.org
Singapore-fake news bill-News-web story-2019-ENG (full story with additional information, in PDF)
Apr 2, 2019 | Comunicados de prensa, Noticias
La CIJ lamenta que el Presidente de la República y otros funcionarios del Organismo Ejecutivo, se resistan a dialogar con las y los representantes de las Comunidades Afectadas por la Construcción de la Hidroeléctrica Chixoy (COCAHICH).
Las Comunidades Afectadas por la Construcción de la Hidroeléctrica Chixoy (COCAHICH) han llevado a cabo una negociación de más de diez años con las autoridades del Estado de Guatemala, que culminó con la aprobación de un Plan de Reparación de los daños y perjuicios causados por la construcción de la Hidroeléctrica Chixoy y la respectiva Política Pública para la reparación a las víctimas, contenida en el Acuerdo Gubernativo 378-2014.
Lamentablemente, las autoridades del actual Gobierno no han cumplido con su correcta implementación y se ha venido dando un retardo malicioso, que perjudica notablemente los derechos de las víctimas a la reparación colectiva, retardo que re-victimiza a las personas y una vez más, viola los derechos humanos de las víctimas.
Es importante recordar que existe un principio general del derecho, que afirma que los compromisos adquiridos mediante convenios, pactos o acuerdos, deben cumplirse de buena fe.
Ante dicho retardo, las comunidades se encuentran ejerciendo su derecho de protesta pacífica y han solicitado una audiencia con las autoridades al más alto nivel, quienes durante todo el día lunes 1ro. de abril, se negaron a recibirlos.
La CIJ hace un llamado al Presidente de la República, para que reciban a las y los representantes de COCAHICH y sus asesores, para que se pueda solucionar el asunto por la vía del diálogo. La CIJ está convencida que este asunto requiere de un diálogo franco y de buena fe.
Ramón Cadena, Director de la CIJ para Centro América expresó: “El Presidente de la República debe respetar el diálogo y evitar que los derechos de las víctimas vuelvan a ser violados y debe honrar los compromisos adquiridos en el Plan de Reparaciones e instruir a todos los funcionarios de las entidades involucradas, para que tomen las acciones que sean necesarias y asi cumplir inmediatamente con los compromisos contenidos en el mismo.”
