Jan 22, 2014
An ICJ legal opinion issued today concludes that recent Amendments to the NGO Law amount to an illegitimate interference with rights to freedom of association and expression protected in international human rights law.
Amendments to the NGO Law require a wide range of Russian non governmental organizations (NGOs) to register as “foreign agents” or else face severe sanctions.
Analyzing the law and its recent application in practice, the ICJ opinion describes the serious impact of the law on Russian civil society organizations that seek to contribute to public debate on issues such as the protection of human rights or the environment.
Under the law, NGOs that receive donations from foreign sources and engage in “political activity” must register as “foreign agents”.
Those NGOs that register as foreign agents are subject to additional burdensome administrative requirements. NGOs that fall within the definition of foreign agents but do not register are liable to heavy fines and other penalties.
Róisín Pillay, Director of the Europe Programme at the ICJ said: “This law confronts many NGOs with unacceptable choices. They may opt to stop receiving foreign funding, which may threaten their very viability and survival. They may withdraw from any activity that could be considered ‘political’, meaning that they cease to take action or voice their opinions on the issues of public concern that the NGO was formed to address. Or, they may register as a foreign agent, which is likely to impair the organization’s capacity to function effectively, if at all. Whichever route an NGO chooses, its freedom of association and expression will be detrimentally affected.”
The ICJ opinion concludes that the inherently vague scope of application of the law, and in particular the wide and unclear definition of “political activity” as well as of other terms in the law, mean that NGOs are unable to predict with any certainty whether or not they will be required to register as “foreign agents”, or when they will be liable to criminal or administrative penalties under the law.
It adds that the broad terms in which the law is formulated leave room for inconsistent or arbitrary application of the law by courts, contrary to international human rights law.
The opinion also notes that it is not clear that the restrictive measures introduced by the amendments serve any of the legitimate aims recognized by international human rights law on freedom of expression or freedom of association.
It finds that the severity of the punitive measures for NGOs that fail to register as “foreign agents” in accordance with the law, as well as the additional requirements imposed on those that do, cannot be justified as necessary and proportionate restrictions on rights.
Róisín Pillay added: “Given the wide range of NGOs directly affected by the law, and the even wider group on whose exercise of their freedom of association and expression the law is likely to have a chilling effect, it is clear to us that the measures are disproportionate to any aims to which they might be directed, and therefore violate international human rights law.”
Contact:
Róisin Pillay, Director, Europe Programme, t + 32 273 48 46, roisin.pillay(a)icj.org
Temur Shakirov, Legal Adviser, Europe Programme, t + 41 22 979 38 32, temur.shakirov(a)icj.org
Russia-NGO law amendments-analysis brief-2014 (download in pdf)
Russia-NGO law amendments-press release-2014-rus (download in pdf)
Russia-NGO law amendments-analysis brief-2014-rus (download in pdf)
Dec 20, 2013
The ICJ has provided a submission to the UN Human Rights Committee (the Committee) for its consideration during the adoption of a list of issues for the examination of the Second and Third Periodic Reports of Malta under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
During its 110th session, from 10 to 28 March 2014, the Committee will prepare and adopt a List of Issues on Malta. These issues will be put to the Government of Malta for formal response ahead of the Committee’s full examination of Malta’s Second and Third Periodic Reports during the Committee’s 112th session, from 13 to 31 October 2014.
The ICJ’s submission raises matters and suggests concrete questions to be put to the Government of Malta concerning the following issues:
- the continuing necessity of Malta’s reservations to the Covenant;
- the compliance of Malta’s immigration laws, policies and practice with the State’s obligations under articles 6, 7, 9, 10 and 13;
- laws criminalizing abortion in the light of the State party’s obligations under articles articles 2, 3, 6, 7 and 26; and
- the enjoyment of Covenant rights in connection with sexual orientation and gender identity.
Malta-CCPR-ListOfIssues-LegalSubmission-2013 (download the submission)
Photo credit: © Jakob Breivik Grimstveit (the author of the picture has no involvement in nor does support this submission)
Dec 9, 2013
The ICJ continues to be concerned at certain policies and practices of target killing, particularly through the use of drones, by the United States and others, in the context of counterterrorism operations.
This legal memoranda by ICJ Legal and Policy Director Ian Seiderman, entitled The United States Targeted Killing Policy and the Threshold of Armed Conflict, addresses the US war paradigm and what is arguably a misapplication of the appropriate legal regime when conducting counterterrorism operations in a number of countries.
USA-ICJ memo on targeted kilings-advocacy-analysis brief-2013 (download in pdf)
This article appeared in European University Institute’s Robert Schumann Centre for Advanced Studies publication entitled, Targeted Killing, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and EU Policy, Policy Paper 2013/17available at http://globalgovernanceprogramme.eui.eu/news-events/high-level-policy-seminars/targeted-killing-unmanned-aerial-vehicles-and-eu-policy/
Nov 20, 2013
The Bangladesh Government must repeal or amend the newly amended Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Act because it is being used to assault freedom of expression and freedom from arbitrary detention, the ICJ says.
The ICT Act, as amended on 6 October 2013, has been used to arbitrarily detain Nasiruddin Elan, Director of prominent human rights organization Odhikar, who was denied bail by the cyber crimes tribunal on 6 November 2013.
His appeal to the High Court division of the Supreme Court has been set for 24 November 2013.
Adilur Rahman Khan, Odhikar’s Secretary, has also been charged under the ICT Act.
The Government has accused the two of deliberately distorting the number of protestors killed in a police crackdown on the Islamist party, Hefazat-i-Islam, in May this year.
“The original ICT Act already served to undermine human rights, but the new amendments make the law nothing short of draconian”, said Sam Zarifi, ICJ’s Asia director. “The Government has used the newly amended Act to try to silence peaceful critics and civil society like Odhikar, in clear violation of international law.”
In a briefing paper issued today (see below), the ICJ analyzes the Information and Communication Technology (amendment) Act, 2013, and points out its serious deviations from international law, including: the amendments make many offences under the Act non-bailable; they allow the police to make arrests without a warrant; they impose a severe minimum prison sentence of seven years for offences under the Act; and they increase the maximum penalty for offences under the law from ten to 14 years’ imprisonment.
Provisions of the original ICT Act, particularly section 57, are also incompatible with Bangladesh’s obligations under Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which Bangladesh ratified on 6 September 2000: the offences prescribed are vague and overbroad; the restrictions imposed on freedom of opinion and expression go beyond what is permissible under Article 19(3) of the ICCPR; and the restrictions are not necessary and proportional to achieve a legitimate purpose.
“The overbroad, vaguely defined offences combined with disproportionate penalties stifle public discourse, especially any criticism of the Government,” Zarifi added. “With elections coming up, it is crucial to defend the right to freely express opinions and exchange views—something the ICT Act seeks to restrict.”
Mahmudur Rahman, acting editor of a Bengali newspaper critical of the Government, has also been arbitrarily detained under the Act for publishing transcripts of a Skype conversation between former International Crimes Tribunal Chairman, Justice Muhammad Nizamul Huq, and a Bangladeshi legal expert, Ahmed Ziauddin.
The records revealed information casting doubt on the independence of the International Crimes Tribunal.
Four bloggers (photo), Asif Mohiuddin, Subrata Adhikari Shuvo, Moshiur Rahman Biplob and Rasel Parvez, are also facing trial under section 57 of the ICT Act for allegedly making derogatory comments about Islam and ‘hurting’ religious sentiment.
“The amended ICT Act reflects a further attack on the rule of law and respect for human rights in Bangladesh,” said Zarifi. “The Government must immediately take steps to either repeal the Act or to modify it in line with international law and standards.”
Contact:
Sam Zarifi, ICJ Asia-Pacific Regional Director, (Bangkok), t: +66 807819002; email: sam.zarifi(a)icj.org
Ben Schonveld, ICJ South Asia Director, (Kathmandu), t: +977 14432651; email: ben.schonveld(a)icj.org
Reema Omer, ICJ International Legal Advisor, (Lahore), t: +923214968434; email: reema.omer(a)icj.org
Bangladesh-ICT Brief -Advocacy-Analysis brief-2013 (full text in pdf)
Oct 2, 2013
Amnesty International and the ICJ comment on the case of three asylum seekers in the Netherlands who say the criminalisation of who they are puts them at risk of being persecuted in their country of origin.
Following Advocate General Sharpston’s Opinion in the case of X, Y and Z v Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel (C‑199/12, C‑200/12 and C‑201/12) pending before the Court of Justice of the European Union, in these observations Amnesty International and the ICJ assert that when the criminalization of same-sex acts or conduct provides the possibility of imprisonment upon conviction it would per se give rise to a well-founded fear of persecution irrespective of evidence of recent enforcement.
Europe-Observations by AI and ICJ on X, Y and Z CJEU-analysis brief-2013 (full text in pdf)
Photo: ec.europa.eu
