Attacks on Justice 2002: Pakistan
The independence of the judiciary was largely undermined by the order by General Musharraf in January 2000 that Pakistani judges take a fresh oath of loyalty to his administration.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Venezuela
The judiciary remained in transition, with a process of reform under way. Appointments to the highest levels of the judiciary have been irregular and ninety per cent of the judges in Venezuela lack security of tenure.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Russia
The judiciary required extensive reform. President Putin has announced a commitment to such reforms, but they had yet to be implemented. Many judges did not function independently and corruption and bribery remained rampant.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Gibraltar
A prosecution, with possible political overtones, was undertaken against the Chief Justice of Gibraltar for a minor traffic violation.
Attacks on Justice 2002: Spain
The outbreak of a new wave of killings by ETA, the Basque armed separatist group, has led to increased pressure from public opinion on Judges and Magistrates in cases concerning ETA members or activists whose activities have been imputed to them.
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