Oct 31, 2018 | News
The ICJ today welcomed the Pakistani Supreme Court’s decision to acquit Asia Noreen (Asia Bibi) of blasphemy charges under section 295-C of the Pakistan Penal Code.
Asia bibi had been on death row since 2010, when a trial court convicted her of “defaming the Prophet Muhammad” and sentenced her to death. The Lahore High Court had upheld her conviction and confirmed her death sentence in 2014.
“All eyes were on the Supreme Court to respond to Asia bibi’s final plea for justice and undo the blatant wrongs done to her and her family for eight long years,” said Frederick Rawski, ICJ’s Asia Director.
“It is heartening to see that despite threats and external pressures, the SC fulfilled its role to protect human rights in this case.”
Certain Islamist groups have frequently held demonstrations calling for Asia bibi and other blasphemy accused to be hanged. After the Supreme Court announced its decision to acquit Asia bibi, the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan took to the streets condemning the decision.
“The Government should take notice of this pattern of threats and reprisals in blasphemy cases and ensure that judges and lawyers are given adequate security to perform their duties independently, impartially and without any external influence,” said Rawski.
Reasons for Asia bibi’s acquittal include an unexplained delay in the registration of the criminal complaint; material inconsistencies in the testimonies of prosecution witnesses; wrongful reliance on Asia bibi’s extra-judicial “confession”; and failure to take into account the circumstances of the blasphemy allegations, including a “quarrel”, possibly about Asia bibi’s faith.
The Supreme Court also noted that the context indicates the charges could have arisen from a “false allegation” of blasphemy, echoing concerns also raised by the ICJ that the blasphemy laws in Pakistan have typcially become an instrument of personal vendettas and malicious motivations.
Asia bibi’s appeal was the first blasphemy case being heard by the Supreme Court since 2002. The Court has so far not upheld any convictions for blasphemy under section 295-C of the Penal Code (defamation of the Prophet Muhammad), though dozens of people have been convicted by trial courts and a number of appeals are pending before various appellate forums.
The ICJ has documented in detail systematic and widespread fair trial violations in proceedings related to blasphemy offences in Pakistan.
Courts in Pakistan have noted on multiple occasions that people accused of blasphemy suffer ‘beyond proportion or repair’ in the absence of adequate safeguards against misapplication or misuse of such blasphemy laws.
The ICJ underscores that laws that criminalize the exercise of freedom of expression are non-compliant with international law, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Pakistan is a party. This includes the criminalization of expression in relation to religion.
The ICJ opposed the death penalty in all circumstances and considers that it constitutes a violation of the right to life and the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment.
Contact:
Frederick Rawski (Bangkok), ICJ Asia Pacific Regional Director, e: frederick.rawski(a)icj.org
Reema Omer, ICJ International Legal Advisor (South Asia) t: +447889565691; e: reema.omer(a)icj.org
Additional information
In November 2015, the ICJ published a report documenting in detail systematic and widespread violations of the right to a fair trial in proceedings related to blasphemy offences in Pakistan, particularly in trial courts. The report confirmed concerns raised by the Supreme Court of Pakistan that individuals accused of blasphemy ‘suffer beyond proportion or repair’ in the absence of adequate safeguards.
The ICJ also made a number of recommendations to the Pakistani executive, legislative and judicial branches to address violations caused by application of the blasphemy laws, whether due to the legislative provisions themselves or at the investigative, prosecutorial, procedural, administrative and judicial levels highlighted in the report, including to ensure that those accused of blasphemy have a fair chance at defending themselves.
In a briefing paper published in October 2016, the ICJ assessed the fair trial violations in Asia bibi’s trial and appellate hearing. The ICJ found glaring omissions both in the appraisal of evidence as well as the application of laws that brought her conviction into question.
Oct 30, 2018 | News
The ICJ today called upon the Government of Sri Lanka to abide by the Constitution and its international obligations in peacefully resolving the current political crisis, and for all political leaders to commit to respect for human rights and the rule of law.
To this end, President Maithripala Sirisena (photo) should reconvene Parliament to end the constitutional crisis in line with the rule of law and democratic norms.
The ICJ urged the Government to deliver on its commitment to the transitional justice process, including by holding those responsible for human rights violations and abuses accountable, and complying with the obligations set out in United Nations Human Rights Council Resolutions 30/1 and 34/1.
It is with grave concern that the ICJ has observed the unfolding of events in Sri Lanka since the evening of October 26, 2018.
Following the withdrawal of the United People’s Freedom Alliance from the National Unity Government, President Maithripala Sirisena, in an unexpected move, appointed Former President and Member of Parliament Mahinda Rajapaksa as the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka.
These actions have transpired in disregard of safeguards set out in the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, which limit the power of the President to remove the Prime Minister at will.
The Amendment spells out specific instances during which the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka ceases to hold office under the law.
The ICJ is concerned at the President’s move to prorogue Parliament until 16 November in what appears to be an effort to avoid parliamentary scrutiny of his actions. The move has exacerbated political tensions.
“The ICJ is alarmed that Mahinda Rajapaksa, who has yet to be held accountable for the well-documented human rights violations committed during his previous tenure, has been appointed Prime Minister – in apparent violation of the Constitution,” said Frederick Rawski, Asia Pacific Director for the ICJ.
Incidents of violence and the takeover of government-controlled media by supporters of Mahinda Rajapaksa raise fears of an imminent return to the human rights violations and abusive practices which were widespread during his term.
ICJ also noted with concern ongoing crackdowns on the media and other attacks on human rights and fundamental freedoms.
The ICJ stressed that the removal of the Prime Minister in violation of the law or constitutional provisions would constitute a violation of Sri Lanka’s commitments to the international community, set out in UN Human Rights Council resolutions in 2015 and 2017, to strengthen good governance and protect democratic institutions.
The ICJ also expressed concern that political instability, or the return of an unrepentant and unaccountable Mahinda Rajakpaksa to political power, would endanger progress made on fulfilling Sri Lanka’s commitments to press forward with transitional justice processes, and its legal obligations to ensure accountability for past human rights violations and abuses, as set out in both resolutions.
“The failure to address past abuses, and to fully implement UN Human Rights Council Resolutions 30/1 and 34/1, has helped set the stage for the current political turmoil, and the possible return of an authoritarian figure who has proven his disrespect for human rights and the rule of law over and over,” said Frederick Rawski.
“The Human Rights Council will be watching closely to assess whether Sri Lanka is in breach of its commitments. Any serious threat to progress on human rights accountability will compel the establishment of an independent accountability mechanism,” he added.
Contact
Frederick Rawski, ICJ’s Asia Pacific Regional Director, t: +66 2 619 84 77 ; e: frederick.rawski(a)icj.org
Oct 26, 2018 | News
At a media event in Bangkok, Thailand, today, the ICJ reiterated its call for Turkey to work with the United Nations to establish a special independent mechanism to carry out an investigation into the killing of Khashoggi with a view to identifying the perpetrators.
The Foreign Correspondents Club of Thailand (FFCT) in Bangkok hosted a special panel discussion entitled Death of a journalist – Fallout from the killing of Jamal Khashoggi, which was attended by approximately eighty journalists, diplomats and club members.
On the panel, Kingsley Abbott, ICJ Senior Legal Advisor for Global Accountability, began by making two positive observations, namely that there exists a clear international legal framework which applies to cases of suspected unlawful deaths including extra-judicial executions and enforced disappearance; and that a considerable amount of information about Khashoggi’s fate appears to be available.
He set out the international legal framework that applies to violations of the right to life noting the state duty to conduct a prompt independent, impartial, effective and transparent investigation consistent with the UN Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions and the revised 2016 Minnesota Protocol on the Investigation of Potentially Unlawful Death.
Kingsley Abbott noted that in nearly all cases where there is reasonable suspicion of unlawful death, an autopsy should be performed and called for Khashoggi’s body or remains to be produced.
Kate Vigneswaran, ICJ Senior Legal Adviser, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Programme, discussed options for accountability in the MENA region, in particular in Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates.
She noted that Saudi Arabia provided little to no opportunity for meaningful justice given executive and Royal Court control over the judiciary and prosecutors. She further highlighted Saudi Arabia’s targeting of critics exercising their right to freedom of expression through criminal prosecutions, abductions and enforced disappearances, and egregious fair trial rights violations in the criminal justice system. She went on to state that similar human rights violations in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates make them unlikely credible options for accountability.
She also noted some concerns about aspects of the justice system in Turkey and in that regard said it was too early to determine whether the conduct of investigation and prosecution of the perpetrators in that country would meet international standards.
Other speakers included Nadia abou el Magd, who has 30 years’ experience as a journalist and commentator covering the Middle East, working mainly for the Associated Press, and Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Yahprung from the Faculty of Political Science, Ramkhamheang University, who focuses on Muslim World Issues.
The panel was moderated by Anneliese Mcauliffe who has worked as a journalist across Asia and the Middle East for over two decades.
Contact:
Kingsley Abbott
Kate Vigneswaran
Senior Legal Adviser
Middle East and North Africa Programme
Phone: +31624894664
Email: kate.vigneswaran(a)icj.org
Twitter: @KateVigneswaran
Oct 24, 2018 | Comunicados de prensa, Noticias
Eren Keskin (Turquía), Marino Cordoba Berrio (Colombia) y Abdul Aziz Muhamat (Papua Nueva Guinea / Australia) competirán por este prestigioso premio otorgado a los defensores de los derechos humanos que han demostrado una profunda compromiso y afrontan altos riesgos personales. La CIJ es miembro del jurado.
Los finalistas han sido seleccionados por la Comunidad Internacional de Derechos Humanos (los miembros del jurado son la CIJ, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights First, International Federation for Human Rights, World Organisation Against Torture, Front Line Defenders, EWDE Germany, International Service for Human Rights y HURIDOCS).
Los galardonados son seleccionados porque han demostrado un profundo compromiso con los derechos humanos, a menudo trabajando bajo amenaza de encarcelamiento, tortura o algo peor. El reconocimiento internacional otorgado por el Premio, además de elevar su perfil y su trabajo, a menudo proporciona una protección significativa.
El Premio Martin Ennals 2019 se entregará el 13 de febrero de 2019 en una ceremonia organizada por la Ciudad de Ginebra, que durante muchos años ha apoyado firmemente el Premio.
Marino Córdoba Berrio (Colombia)
Miembro de la comunidad afro-colombiano, Marino Córdoba Berrio (abajo a la izquierda en la foto) dirigió a su comunidad al enfrentar la pérdida de sus tierras ante poderosos intereses comerciales, en particular en la tala de bosques y la minería.
Después de trabajar con éxito para obtener el reconocimiento legal de los derechos sobre la tierra de su comunidad, gran parte de su comunidad fue expulsada por la fuerza en 1996.
Las amenazas y los ataques constantes lo llevaron a buscar Asilo Político en los Estados Unidos en 2002, donde construyó una red de partidarios en apoyo a su comunidad y la paz.
Regresó a Colombia en 2012 y desde entonces viene trabajando para garantizar inclusión de las comunidades étnicas en el acuerdo de paz, en particular como miembro de la “Comisión Étnica para la Paz y la Defensa de los Derechos Territoriales” que proporciona información a medida que se implementa el acuerdo de paz.
Él ha recibido regularmente amenazas de muerte y está bajo seguridad constante.
Afirmó que: “históricamente hemos sido excluidos política, social y económicamente, desproporcionadamente afectados por la discriminación estatal, también afectados por la crueldad de la guerra, por lo que proporcionar medidas de superación e inclusión del pueblo Afrocolombiano es una responsabilidad primordial del Estado. Creo en el poder de mi mente y en mis manos como un factor determinante para hacer lo correcto por la paz, por lo tanto, la justicia que se aplique a mi pueblo es crucial para su supervivencia, por lo que está en nuestras manos promover cambios justos y humanos, aun en momentos de constantes persecución y asesinatos de líderes importantes y soñadores en mi país y, aun por encima de mi propia vida. Si este esfuerzo implica exponer mi vida creo que será siempre con amor a mi causa y a mi gente”.
Eren Keskin (Turquía)
Eren Keskin (parte superior izquierda de la foto) es un abogado y activista de derechos humanos.
Durante más de treinta años, ella ha luchado por los derechos y libertades fundamentales en Turquía, especialmente por los Kurdos, las mujeres y la comunidad LGBTI.
En el contexto del empeoramiento de la situación de los derechos humanos en Turquía, Keskin se encuentra una vez más en el centro de los intentos de intimidación.
Como parte de una campaña de solidaridad para apoyar al periódico Özgür Gündem, Keskin sostuvo el título de “editor en jefe” del periódico desde 2013 hasta 2016, cuando fue clausurado por las autoridades.
El 30 de marzo de 2018, fue condenada y sentenciada a 12,5 años de cárcel por haber publicado artículos que se consideraba que habían “degradado” a la nación turca e “insultado” al presidente turco. Actualmente está libre mientras se apela el caso.
Ella afirmó: “Defender los derechos humanos no es fácil en nuestro territorio. Estoy siendo procesado con 143 cargos por mi solidaridad con un periódico de la oposición en el contexto de la libertad de expresión. Los premios internacionales y la solidaridad tienen características “protectoras” y tranquilizan a quienes estamos en sociedades represivas. También nos da un impulso moral y ayuda a nuestra motivación para la lucha. Gracias por no olvidarnos. Tu solidaridad y protección significan mucho”.
Abdul Aziz Muhamat (Papua Nueva Guinea / Australia)
Abdul Aziz Muhamat (Aziz, en la derecha en la foto), de Sudán, es un defensor convincente e incansable de los derechos de los refugiados.
En busca de asilo, se encuentra recluido en detención de inmigrantes en Australia en la isla Manus, Papúa Nueva Guinea, desde octubre de 2013, cuando las autoridades australianas interceptaron su barco.
Aziz ha visto morir a sus amigos. Ha recibido disparos de la policía local. También fue enviado a una prisión local por negarse a comer en protesta por la crueldad y el sufrimiento infligido a otros.
Aziz es una de las principales voces públicas entre los hombres detenidos en la isla Manus.
A pesar de la ubicación aislada, ha expuesto las duras condiciones allí a través de podcasts y entrevistas con los medios. Él ha pagado un precio por esto, ya que es visto como un “líder de la banda” tanto por parte de PNG como de las autoridades australianas.
Ella declaró: “Mi trabajo para exponer este sistema cruel me ayuda a preservar mi autoestima y la dignidad humana inherente. Me ayuda a luchar por los derechos de cada refugiado en todo el universo, lo que haré hasta mi último aliento. No siempre es fácil cuando se vive en condiciones de miedo y persecución. Sin embargo, incluso bajo la maquinaria más aplastante del estado, el coraje se levanta una y otra vez, porque el miedo no es el estado natural y haré todo lo posible para seguir adelante”.
Contactos
Olivier van Bogaert, Director de comunicación de la CIJ, miembro del jurado, t: +41 22 979 38 08 ; e: olivier.vanbogaert(a)icj.org
Michael Khambatta, Director, Fundación Martin Ennals, t: +41 79 474 8208 ; e: khambatta(a)martinennalsaward.org
COL-Marino Cordoba Bio-News-2018-SPA (biografía completa de Marino Córdoba Berrio, en PDF)
TUR-Eren Keskin_Bio-News-2018-ENG (biografía completa de Eren Keskin, en inglés, PDF)
AUS-Abdul Aziz Muhamat Bio-News-2018-ENG (biografía completa de Abdul Aziz Muhamat, en inglés, PDF)
Oct 24, 2018 | Communiqués de presse, Nouvelles
Eren Keskin (Turquie), Marino Córdoba Berrio (Colombie) et Abdul Aziz Muhamat (Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée / Australie) se disputeront ce prix prestigieux remis aux défenseur(e)s des droits de l’Homme ayant fait preuve d’un profond engagement et confronté(e)s à de grands risques personnels. La CIJ est membre du jury.
