Sep 6, 2018 | Communiqués de presse, Nouvelles
La CIJ s’est félicitée de l’arrêt rendu par la Cour suprême dans l’affaire Navtej Singh Johar et al v. Union of India and others. Cet arrêt met fin à la crainte d’une grande partie de la population indienne d’être tenue pénalement responsable de l’exercice de ses droits.
La Cour a rendu la décision, attendue depuis longtemps, que la criminalisation de relations consenties entre personnes du même sexe enfreint l’article 377 la Constitution indienne, et est contraire aux obligations de l’Inde envers le droit international.
Ce jugement tant attendu témoigne du travail des activistes et des avocats en Inde, qui ont démontré le pouvoir de la loi pour réaffirmer les droits de l’Homme ainsi que l’égalité.
«Ce jugement aura non seulement un impact en Inde mais son influence devrait s’étendre à travers le monde. La CIJ espère que cela incitera d’autres pays, en particulier ceux du Commonwealth, à révoquer des dispositions similaires qui criminalisent les relations sexuelles consenties », a déclaré le directeur de la CIJ pour l’Asie-Pacifique, Frederick Rawski.
La Cour a souligné que les dispositions de l’article 377 contrevenaient au droit international et aux normes internationales en matière d’égalité, de respect de la vie privée, de non-discrimination et de dignité garantis dans les traités internationaux relatifs aux droits de l’Homme auxquels l’Inde est partie prenante.
Il s’agit notamment du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques et du Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels.
La Cour a également relevé que les Principes de Yogyakarta, qui traitent de l’orientation sexuelle et de l’identité sexuelle en droit international, renforcent ces protections.
Il s’agit d’une reconnaissance jurisprudentielle essentielle selon laquelle les personnes LGBTI ont droit à la pleine égalité et à la protection de leurs droits en vertu du droit constitutionnel indien et du droit international des droits de l’Homme.
Dans l’arrêt, qui annule la décision Koushal de décembre 2013, la Cour a estimé que la discrimination fondée sur l’orientation sexuelle est une violation des droits fondamentaux à l’autonomie, à la vie privée, à l’égalité, à la dignité et à la non-discrimination.
Elle a souligné que la dépénalisation de l’homosexualité n’est qu’un premier pas et que les personnes LGBTI ont droit à une citoyenneté égale dans toutes ses formes.
La Cour a également recommandé qu’une large publicité soit accordée au jugement afin de garantir la dé-stigmatisation de l’identité sexuelle grâce à une formation de sensibilisation sur les obstacles à l’accès à la justice rencontrés par les personnes LGBTI.
«Même une décision historique de la Cour suprême indienne ne peut à elle seule mettre fin à la discrimination à l’égard des personnes en raison de leur orientation sexuelle ou de leur identité sexuelle. Il est temps pour le Parlement indien de procéder à un examen approfondi du cadre juridique existant, d’abroger les lois discriminatoires et de remédier aux autres lacunes de la loi qui empêchent les personnes LGBT d’exercer pleinement leurs droits », a ajouté M. Rawski.
Pour plus d’informations (disponibles uniquement en anglais):
Briefing Paper on Navtej Singh Johar et al. v. Union of India and Others (ICJ, July 2018)
Unnatural Offences”: Obstacles to Justice in India Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (ICJ, February 2017)
Contact
Maitreyi Gupta (Delhi), conseillère juridique internationale de la CIJ en Inde, e: maitreyi.gupta(a)icj.org, t: +91 7756028369
Sep 5, 2018 | News
The ICJ today signed a joint statement with other international organizations based in Europe that cooperate on Guatemala condemning the decision of Jimmy Morales not to renew the mandate of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG).
The statement also repudiates the subsequent decision by President Morales to bar the CICIG Commissioner Iván Velásquez from returning back to the country.
The CICIG has made a significant contribution to the work of the Public Prosecutor’s Office, the strengthening of the rule of law and the fight against corruption networks.
The statement expresses grave concern that on 31 August 2018 the government used tanks and heavily armed policemen to intimidate CICIG personnel as well as Guatemalan citizens, while announcing the decision not to renew the mandate of the CICIG. “The image of President Jimmy Morales surrounded by the military and police at the press conference evokes the memory of the coup d’état and the military dictatorships during the dark years of the internal armed conflict,” the statement adds.
The organisations signing the statement call on the European Union and its Member States to demand that the state of Guatemala complies with its international obligations and guarantees the necessary conditions for Commissioner Iván Velásquez and the CICIG to continue their work safely and independently.
The full statement is available here: Guatemala-Statement on decision about CICIG and Velasquez-News-2018-ENG
Sep 5, 2018 | Events, News
The ICJ will participate in the side event “Accountability and the need to end impunity for human rights violations in Yemen,” organized by the CIVICUS, FIDH, CIHRS in cooperation with Mwatana for Human Rights and the Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR).
This side event at the Human Rights Council will take place on Monday, 10 September 2018 from 12:00 – 13:00 in room XXIV of the Palais des Nations.
The issue of human rights defenders including bloggers, Internet activists, and journalists who are at extreme risk of persecution will be discussed.
Speakers:
- Radhya Al-Mutawakel, Co-founder and Chairperson of Mwatana for Human Rights
- Khalid Ibrahim, Executive Director, Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR)
- Vito Todeschini, Associate Legal Adviser, International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
- Miriam Puttick, Head of MENA Programmes, Ceasefire for Civilians Rights
Moderator:
Antoine Madelin, International Advocacy Director, International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)
Yemen-Side event at HRC-News-events-2018-ENG (download the flyer)
Sep 5, 2018 | Noticias
Hoy la CIJ firmó una declaración conjuntamente con una docena de otras organizaciones internacionales basadas en Europa que cooperan en Guatemala, condenando la decisión del Presidente Jimmy Morales de no renovar el mandato de la Comisión Internacional Contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (CICIG).
La declaración también repudia la decisión subsecuente del Presidente Morales de impedirle al Comisionado Iván Velásquez (foto) regresar al país.
La CICIG ha realizado contribuciones significativas al trabajo de la Fiscalía, el reforzamiento del estado de derecho y la lucha contra las redes de corrupción.
La declaración expresa una gran preocupación de que, el 31 de agosto del 2018, el gobierno haya recurrido a tanques y policías fuertemente armados afín de intimidar al personal de la CICIG y además a ciudadanos/as guatemaltecos/as, al anunciar la decisión de no renovar el mandato de la CICIJ.
La declaración agrega: “La imagen del Presidente Jimmy Morales rodeado de militares y policías en la conferencia de prensa evoca memorias de golpes de estado y dictaduras militares durante los años negros de conflictos armados internos”.
Las organizaciones firmantes hacen un llamado a la Unión Europea y sus Estados miembros para exigir que el Estado de Guatemala cumpla con sus obligaciones internacionales y que garantice las condiciones necesarias para que el Comisionado Iván Velásquez y la CIGIC puedan continuar su trabajo de manera segura e independiente.
Guatemala-Statement on decision about CICIG and Velasquez-News-2018-SPA (texto completo de la declaración, en pdf)
Sep 4, 2018 | News
The ICJ today condemned the public caning of two women, a punishment imposed upon them by the Terengganu High Court after conviction on charges of ‘attempting to have sexual intercourse’.
The ICJ called on the Government of Malaysia to immediately abolish the practice of caning as it constitutes a form of cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment prohibited under international human rights law and standards.
Furthermore, it also called on the Government to ensure that its laws, policies and practices at the local, state, and federal levels are in full compliance with its international legal obligations, including under the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).
On 3 September 2018, two women, aged 23 and 33, were publicly caned in front of a hundred people in Terengganu, a coastal state of Malaysia, located northeast of Kuala Lumpur.
The two women were convicted under Section 30 of the Syariah Criminal Offences (Terengganu) Enactment 2001, for the crime of ‘Musahaqah’ (sexual relations between female persons).
“This punishment is a clear violation of Malaysia’s obligations to prevent, prohibit and prosecute all forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Government of Malaysia should immediately abolish the practice of corporal punishment, which has been condemned by international authorities such as the UN Human Rights Council’s Special Rapporteur on torture,” said Emerlynne Gil, ICJ’s Senior International Legal Adviser.
“It is equally deplorable that Malaysia continues to criminalize consensual same sex relations. The criminalization of private consensual sexual activities – whatever the sex, gender identity and sexual proclivities of those involved, and whatever the actual sexual practices – violates international human rights law. It also undermines women’s enjoyment of their rights to privacy, personal integrity, and equality,” she added.
The Human Rights Committee has said that criminalizing private sexual acts between consenting adults constitutes an arbitrary interference with privacy and cannot be justified.
It has also observed in a number of Concluding Observations that the criminalization of private consensual sexual activities between adults of the same sex violates the prohibition of discrimination, and the right of equality before the law.
The ICJ also notes that early this year, the CEDAW Committee recommended to Malaysia to “take effective measures to ensure that civil law and Syariah law are in full compliance with the provisions of the Convention at local, state, and federal levels” so as to guarantee the rights of all women throughout the country.
The ICJ calls on the Government of Malaysia to abide by its obligations under international law and follow through with its commitment to human rights, non-discrimination and equality by abolishing the sentence of caning and the criminalization of consensual same sex relations in the country.
Contact
Emerlynne Gil, ICJ Senior International Legal Adviser, t: +66 840923575, e: emerlynne.gil(a)icj.org
Background
On 8 April 2018, religious state authorities arrested the two women who were in a car and accused them of preparing to ‘commit sexual acts’, which is an offense in the State of Terengganu, under the Syariah Criminal Offences (Terengganu) Enactment 2001. The women pleaded guilty to the offence without being represented by a lawyer and did not appeal their case.
On 12 August 2018, the two women pleaded guilty and were sentenced by the Terengganu Shariah to a fine of RM3,300 ($800 USD) and six strokes of caning for attempting to have sexual intercourse.
This is the first case of caning of women for ‘Musahaqah’ (sexual relations between female persons) crime and its attempt in Malaysia and it marks a steady decline in Malaysia’s commitment to protect the rights of its sexual minorities and the members of the LGBTIQA community.
In Malaysia’s Criminal Procedure Code, under Federal law, it states that
“No sentence of whipping shall be executed by installments, and none of the following persons shall be punishable with whipping: (a) females;”
Malaysia’s Federal Constitution provides that Islamic law falls under the matters of State law, with the exception of the Federal States.
It is concerning that the Syariah legal system in Malaysia continues to carry out caning in a manner that is discriminatory against women, and women sexual minorities, as seen in the 2010 case, where three women were found guilty of ‘illicit sex’ by the Kuala Lumpur Syariah Court, as well as the continuing use of Syariah legal enactments to harass, intimidate and prosecute the transgender community in Malaysia.
